– Lucilio Vanini, Italian physician and philosopher (b. 1585)

– Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1557)

– Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after being convicted of treason.

– Lawrence of Brindisi, Italian priest and saint (b. 1559)

– Barbara Strozzi, Italian composer and singer-songwriter (d. 1677)

– Jean-Baptiste Colbert, French economist and politician, Controller-General of Finances (d. 1683)

– Shimazu Yoshihiro, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1535)

– Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French author and poet (d. 1692)

– Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God."

– Prince Rupert of the Rhine (d. 1682)