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January
3rd
– Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia.[7]
7th
– Elizabeth Louisa Foster Mather, American writer (d.1882)[2]
8th
– War of 1812: Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson leads American forces in victory over the British.
– Edward Pakenham, Anglo-Irish general and politician (b. 1778)
11th
– John A. Macdonald, Scottish-Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
13th
– War of 1812: British troops capture Fort Peter in St. Marys, Georgia, the only battle of the war to take place in the state.
15th
– War of 1812: American frigate USS President, commanded by Commodore Stephen Decatur, is captured by a squadron of four British frigates.
– Emma, Lady Hamilton, English-French mistress of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (b. 1761)
– William Bickerton, English-American religious leader, 3rd President of the Church of Jesus Christ (d. 1905)
16th
– Henry Halleck, American lawyer, general, and scholar (d. 1872)
18th
– Constantin von Tischendorf, German theologian and scholar (d. 1874)
21st
– Horace Wells, American dentist (d. 1848)
31st
– José Félix Ribas, Venezuelan soldier (b. 1775)
February
6th
– New Jersey grants the first American railroad charter to John Stevens.
9th
– Federico de Madrazo, Spanish painter (d.1894)
13th
– Rufus Wilmot Griswold, American anthologist, editor, poet and critic (d. 1857)
24th
– Robert Fulton, American engineer (b. 1765)
26th
– Napoleon Bonaparte escapes from Elba.
– Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. 1737)
March
1st
1815 – Georgetown University's congressional charter is signed into law by President James Madison.
– Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
2nd
– Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.
5th
– Franz Mesmer, German physician and astrologist (b. 1734)
– John Wentworth, American journalist and politician, 19th Mayor of Chicago (d. 1888)
9th
– David Davis, American jurist and politician (d. 1886)
– Francis Ronalds describes the first battery-operated clock in the Philosophical Magazine.
11th
– Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)
– Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano, voice teacher and composer (d. 1879)
12th
– Louis-Jules Trochu, French military leader and politician (d. 1896)
13th
– James Curtis Hepburn, American physician, linguist, and missionary (d. 1911)
16th
– Prince Willem proclaims himself King of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, the first constitutional monarch in the Netherlands.
20th
– After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.
28th
Arsène Houssaye, French author and poet (d. 1896)
30th
– Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification.
April
1st
– Otto von Bismarck, German lawyer and politician, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire (d. 1898)
1815 – Edward Clark, American lawyer and politician, 8th Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
6th
– Robert Volkmann, German organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1883)
10th
– The Mount Tambora volcano begins a three-month-long eruption, lasting until July 15. The eruption ultimately kills 71,000 people and affects Earth's climate for the next two years.
21st
– Joseph Winston, American soldier and politician (b. 1746)
23rd
– The Second Serbian Uprising: A second phase of the national revolution of the Serbs against the Ottoman Empire, erupts shortly after the annexation of the country to the Ottoman Empire.
24th
– Anthony Trollope, English novelist, essayist, and short story writer (d. 1882)
May
2nd
– William Buell Richards, Canadian lawyer and judge, 1st Chief Justice of Canada (d. 1889)
3rd
– Neapolitan War: Joachim Murat, King of Naples is defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Tolentino, the decisive engagement of the war.
7th
– Jabez Bowen, American colonel and politician, 45th Deputy Governor of Rhode Island (b. 1739)
8th
– Edward Tompkins, American lawyer and politician (d. 1872)
23rd
– Gotthilf Heinrich Ernst Muhlenberg, American clergyman and botanist (b. 1753)
27th
– Henry Parkes, English-Australian politician, 7th Premier of New South Wales (d. 1896)
30th
– The East Indiaman Arniston is wrecked during a storm at Waenhuiskrans, near Cape Agulhas, in present-day South Africa, with the loss of 372 lives.
31st
– Adye Douglas, English-Australian cricketer and politician, 15th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1906)
June
1st
– Napoleon promulgates a revised Constitution after it passes a plebiscite.
– Louis-Alexandre Berthier, French general and politician, French Minister of War (b. 1753)
– Otto of Greece (d. 1862)
9th
– End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set.
11th
– Julia Margaret Cameron, Indian-Sri Lankan photographer (d. 1879)
16th
– Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before the Battle of Waterloo.
18th
– Thomas Picton, Welsh-English general and politician (b. 1758)
– Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen, German general (d. 1881)
– Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.
19th
– Cornelius Krieghoff, Dutch-Canadian painter (d. 1872)
20th
– Guillaume Philibert Duhesme, French general (b. 1766)
July
6th
– Samuel Whitbread, English politician (b. 1764)
9th
– Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord becomes the first Prime Minister of France.
15th
– Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMS Bellerophon.
28th
– Stefan Dunjov, Bulgarian colonel (d. 1889)
August
1st
– Richard Henry Dana, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1882)
2nd
– Guillaume Brune, French general and politician (b. 1763)
– Adolf Friedrich von Schack, German poet and historian (d. 1894)
5th
– Edward John Eyre, English explorer and politician, Governor of Jamaica (d. 1901)
6th
– James A. Bayard, American lawyer and politician (b. 1767)
16th
– John Bosco, Italian priest and educator (d. 1888)
18th
– Chauncey Goodrich, American lawyer and politician, 8th Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut (b. 1759)
19th
– Harriette Newell Woods Baker, American editor and children's book writer (d. 1893)[1]
24th
– The modern Constitution of the Netherlands is signed.
September
6th
– St. John Richardson Liddell, American general (d. 1870)
7th
– John McDouall Stuart, Scottish explorer and surveyor (d. 1866)
8th
Giuseppina Strepponi, Italian soprano and educator (d. 1897)
9th
– John Singleton Copley, American-English colonial and painter (b. 1738)
15th
– Halfdan Kjerulf, Norwegian journalist and composer (d. 1868)
20th
– Richard Dry, Australian politician, 7th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1869)
– Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist and scholar (b. 1725)
October
2nd
– James Agnew, Northern Irish-Australian politician, 16th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1901)
11th
Pierre Napoléon Bonaparte, Italian-French politician (d. 1881)
12th
– William J. Hardee, American general (d. 1873)
13th
– Joachim Murat, French general (b. 1767)
15th
– Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
16th
– Francis Lubbock, American colonel and politician, 9th Governor of Texas (d. 1905)
19th
– Paolo Mascagni, Italian physician and anatomist (b. 1755)
23rd
– João Maurício Vanderlei, Baron of Cotejipe, Brazilian politician (d. 1889)
25th
– Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (d. 1894)
28th
– Ľudovít Štúr, Slovak philologist and politician (d. 1856)
29th
– Dan Emmett, American composer (d. 1904)
31st
1815 – Karl Weierstrass, German mathematician and academic (d. 1897)
– Thomas Chapman, English-Australian politician, 5th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1884)
November
2nd
– George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1864)
3rd
– John Mitchel, Irish journalist and activist (d. 1875)
12th
– Elizabeth Cady Stanton, American activist (d. 1902)[2]
25th
– William Sawyer, Canadian merchant and politician (d. 1904)
27th
– Adoption of Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland.
28th
– Johann Peter Salomon, German violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1745)
December
3rd
– John Carroll, American archbishop (b. 1735)
7th
– Michel Ney, German-French general (b. 1769)
8th
– Mary Bosanquet Fletcher, Methodist preacher and philanthropist (b. 1739)
– Adolph Menzel, German painter and illustrator (d. 1905)
10th
– Ada Lovelace, English mathematician and computer scientist (d. 1852)[7]
11th
– The U.S. Senate creates a select committee on finance and a uniform national currency, predecessor of the United States Senate Committee on Finance.
21st
– Thomas Couture, French painter and educator (d. 1879)
23rd
– The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published.
25th
– The Handel and Haydn Society, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.
29th
– Sarah Baartman, Khoikhoi woman (b. 1789)
31st
– George Meade, American general and engineer (d. 1872)
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